WAEC 2025 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY PRACTICAL ANSWER


(1a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) They absorb moisture from urine and spilled water.
(ii) They help to reduce bad odour in the animal house.
(iìi) They provide comfort for animals, reducing stress and injury.
(iv) They improve hygiene by reducing the growth of harmful microorganisms.
(v) They provide insulation and help keep animals warm during cold weather.

(1bi)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Smoking
(ii) Salting
(iii) Freezing
(iv) Drying
(v) Canning
(vi) Refrigeration
(vii) Use of chemical preservatives

(1bii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Poor storage facilities.
(ii) Inadequate transportation infrastructure.
(iii) High cost of production.
(iv) Poor hygiene and handling practices.
(v) Fluctuating prices due to supply and demand.
(vi) Limited access to modern marketing platforms.

(1c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Curing
(ii) Soaking
(iii) Liming
(iv) Tanning
(v) Finishing

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(2ai)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Temporary storage of food
(ii) Softening of food before digestion
(iii) Regulation of food passage to the gizzard
(iv) Initial microbial fermentation of food (in some birds)

(2aii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Chicken
(ii) Duck
(iii) Turkey
(iv) Pigeon
(v) Guinea fowl
(vi) Quail

(2bi)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Detoxification of harmful substances
(ii) Metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
(iii) Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals
(iv) Production of bile for digestion
(v) Breakdown of red blood cells
(vi) Regulation of blood composition
(vii) Synthesis of blood clotting factors

(2bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Liver fluke
(ii) Tapeworm larvae
(iii) Roundworms
(iv) Coccidia

(2c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Protection of the foot
(ii) Support of body weight
(iii) Aid in locomotion and movement
(iv) Absorption of shock while walking or running

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(3ai)
Specimen G:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It used to measure the body weight of animals
-It is used to determine feed quantity
-It helps monitor growth of farm animals

Specimen H:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It is used to detect fertile and infertile eggs
-It used to check for cracks or internal defects in eggs
-It helps monitor embryo development during incubation

Specimen J:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It is used to measure the body temperature of animals
-It helps detect signs of fever or illness
-It is used to monitor recovery during treatment

Specimen K:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-It is used to administer vaccines or medications to animals
-It is used to withdraw blood or other fluids for testing
-It helps ensure accurate dosage of injectable treatments

(3aii)
Specimen G:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Keep in a dry place
-Clean regularly to remove dirt
-Calibrate periodically for accuracy

Specimen H:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Clean lens and bulb gently
-Store in a safe, dry place
-Replace faulty bulb promptly

Specimen J:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Clean with disinfectant after use
-Store in a protective case
-Avoid dropping or shaking

Specimen K:
(PICK ANY ONE)
-Sterilize before and after use
-Store in a clean, dry container
-Replace damaged or blunt needles

(3b)
(i) Place the egg in a dark room or shaded area.
(ii) Hold the egg above the candler with the broader end facing the light.
(iii) Switch on the candler and observe the egg’s internal contents.
(iv) Record observations and return the egg to the incubator or tray.

(3c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Sterilize the syringe and needle before and after use
(ii) Use only once if disposable
(iii) Do not share syringes between animals
(iv) Handle needle carefully to avoid injury
(v) Dispose of used needles in a sharps container

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(4a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Cow
(ii) Goat
(iii) Sheep
(iv) Buffalo
(v) Camel

(4bi)
(i) Manual milking
(ii) Machine milking

(4bii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Tie or hold the animal gently to stop it from moving.

(ii) Wash the udder and teats with clean, warm water to remove dirt.

(iii) Sit beside the animal with a clean container for collecting the milk.

(iv) Hold the teat with your fingers and press it gently again and again to squeeze out the milk.

(v) Continue until no more milk comes out, then clean the teats after milking.

OR

(i) Restrain the animal gently to avoid movement.

(ii) Wash and disinfect the udder and teats with warm water.

(iii) Sit or squat beside the animal with a clean milking container.

(iv) Hold the teat between the thumb and forefinger and squeeze gently in a rhythmic manner.

(v) Continue until the udder is emptied, then disinfect the teats after milking.

(4ci)
Protein

(4cii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Fresh Leucaena contains mimosine, a toxic amino acid that can cause hair loss, poor growth, or even death in non-adapted livestock.

(ii) Feeding it fresh in large quantities can cause digestive upset or bloating, especially in ruminants like cattle and goats.

(iii) Some livestock may reject fresh Leucaena due to its bitter taste or unfamiliar smell.

(iv) Fresh Leucaena contains compounds that may interfere with nutrient absorption, reducing feed efficiency.