NECO GCE 2025 CIVIC EDUCATION ANSWER


CIVIC EDUCATION OBJ
01-10: ECDDEAEEED
11-20: BBEEAAEBEA
21-30: BADAAEBBED
31-40: ADCABABCCE
41-50: CDDCDECDAD
51-60: BECCCDADAE



(1a)
Cultism is the membership and operation of secret groups (often called cults or confraternities), whose initiation, membership, policies and activities are carried out in secrecy. Cultism often involves rituals, secret oaths, and activities that conflict with societal norms and values.

(b)
(i) Peer pressure among students, leading some to join cult groups to fit in or feel accepted.
(ii) Search for protection or power: Some students join cults believing cult membership offers status, protection, or influence.
(iii) Weak enforcement of laws and school discipline, making it easier for cults to recruit and operate.
(iv) Lack of moral guidance or decline in societal values among youth, which may push them toward cultism.

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(i) Truthfulness — being truthful in speech, avoiding lies, exaggerations, or distortions of facts.
(ii) Integrity — having consistent moral and ethical principles, so that one’s actions match one’s words and values.
(iii) Transparency — being open and straightforward in dealings, so that others can see what you are doing and do not have to guess motives.
(iv) Sincerity — being genuine in intentions and feelings, not being hypocritical or pretending.
(v) Accountability / fairness — taking responsibility for one’s actions and treating others with fairness and justice.

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(3a)
An interpersonal relationship is a social connection or association between two or more people through which they interact, share experiences, communicate, and influence each other’s behaviour, feelings or attitudes.

(b)
(i) Mutual trust — Spouses trust each other; honesty and faithfulness build a stable foundation.
(ii) Communication — Open and respectful communication helps resolve misunderstandings and build understanding.
(iii) Mutual respect — Each spouse respects the other’s individuality, rights, and opinions.
(iv) Shared responsibilities and cooperation — Both partners equally cooperate in household duties, decision?making, and support.

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4a)
(i) Provides essential services to citizens (roads, education, health, security) which improve quality of life.
(ii) Promotes social welfare and development — ensures public needs are met as against purely profit?driven services.
(iii) Helps maintain law, order and social justice — public institutions enforce rules and protect citizens’ rights.

(b)
(i) Corruption — misuse of funds and positions undermines efficiency and trust in public service.
(ii) Bureaucracy / red tape — excessive formalities slow down service delivery.
(iii) Inadequate funding or resources — lack of necessary infrastructure, equipment, or personnel weakens performance.
(iv) Poor accountability and supervision — lack of oversight leads to inefficiency and poor service quality.

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(5)
(i) Promotion of National Unity:
It fosters patriotism, tolerance, and understanding among citizens, helping to bridge ethnic, religious, and regional divides.

(ii) Political Awareness and Participation:
Citizenship education encourages participation in democratic processes such as voting, decision-making, and holding leaders accountable.

(iii} Respect for Rule of Law:
It teaches the importance of laws and regulations in a society, promoting obedience to constituted authority and discouraging lawlessness.

(iv) Promotion of Civic Responsibility:
It instills a sense of responsibility in individuals to contribute positively to national development through community service and peaceful coexistence.

(v) Empowerment for Sustainable Development:
Citizenship education helps people understand their roles in economic growth, environmental sustainability, and societal well-being.

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(6)
(i) Erosion of Trust:
When dishonesty and deceit prevail, individuals lose trust in leaders, institutions, and even one another, weakening the social fabric.

(ii) Increase in Crime and Insecurity:
Negative values such as greed and hatred promote criminal behaviors like theft, fraud, and violence, creating fear and instability.

(iii) Corruption and Underdevelopment:
When people value wealth and power over integrity, corruption becomes rampant, leading to the misuse of resources and lack of development.

(iv) Moral Decay:
The rise of negative values leads to moral decline in society, including disrespect for elders, lack of discipline, and breakdown in family structure.

(v) Weak Governance and Leadership:
Societies dominated by selfishness and nepotism often experience poor governance, where public interest is sacrificed for personal gain.

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(7a)
Traditional authority is a form of power or leadership that is based on long-standing customs, beliefs, and practices. It is often hereditary and respected because it is rooted in the culture of a people, such as kingship, chieftaincy, and elders’ council.

(b)
(i) Maintenance of Law and Order:
Constituted authority enforces laws and ensures peace through policing, judiciary, and legislation.
(ii) Provision of Social Services:
Government, as a form of constituted authority, provides essential services like education, healthcare, transportation, and security.
(iii) Economic and Political Stability:
Through effective policies, constituted authority promotes stable economic growth and democratic governance.

(c)
(i) Integrity: A good leader is honest and transparent.
(ii} Vision: A good leader has clear goals and plans for the future.
(iii} Empathy: A good leader understands and cares about the needs of the people.