2026 WAEC BIOLOGY ANSWER

BIOLOGY OBJ









(1ai)
Pollination

(1aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same species. Bees carry pollen on their bodies while collecting nectar, thereby transferring pollen between flowers and promoting fertilization.

OR

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower of the same species. In this case, bees act as pollinating agents by carrying pollen grains on their bodies from one flower to another while collecting nectar, thereby making fertilization possible.

(1bi)
BEES:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Hairy body that traps pollen grains.
(ii) Long proboscis/tongue for sucking nectar.
(iii) Ability to fly from flower to flower.
(iv) Keen sense of smell for locating flowers.
(v) Legs adapted with pollen baskets (corbiculae) for carrying pollen.

(1bii)
PLANTS:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Brightly coloured petals.
(ii) Sweet smelling flowers.
(iii) Presence of nectar.
(iv) Large conspicuous flowers.
(v) Sticky pollen grains.
(vi) Flowers that provide landing platforms for insects.

(1c)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) IT provides nectar as food.
(ii) It provides pollen as food.
(iii) It provides resting sites.
(iv) It supplies materials used in hive activities.

(1di)
(i) Androecium
(ii) Gynoecium

(1dii)
(i) Calyx
(ii) Corolla

(1e)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Double fertilization is a process in flowering plants where two male nuclei enter the embryo sac. One male nucleus fuses with the egg cell to form a diploid zygote, while the second male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo.

OR

Double fertilization occurs when the pollen tube releases two male nuclei into the embryo sac. One nucleus fertilizes the ovum to form a zygote, while the second nucleus combines with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

(1f)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Dry pod that splits open when ripe
(ii) Fruit bursts suddenly, scattering seeds away from the parent plant.
(iii) Lightweight seeds that can be thrown some distance.
(iv) Tough pod that stores tension before splitting.

(1g)
Cowpea - Marginal
Okra - Axile
Pawpaw - Parietal

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(2a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Translocation is the movement of manufactured food substances, mainly sugars, from the leaves where they are produced to other parts of the plant through the phloem tissues for storage, growth and respiration.

OR

Translocation is the process by which soluble food materials produced during photosynthesis are transported from the leaves to all parts of the plant through the phloem. These food materials are moved to regions where they are needed for growth, respiration and storage.

(2b & 2c)


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(3a)


(3bi)
Iroko

(3bii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Quadrat sampling
(ii) Transect method
(iii) Plot sampling

(3c)
Population density = Population ÷ Area

= 5 ÷ 1000

= 0.005 plants/m²

(3di)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Establishment of forest reserves.
(ii) Afforestation (planting of trees).
(iii) Reforestation of deforested areas.
(iv) Enforcement of laws against illegal logging.
(v) Establishment of national parks/game reserves.
(vi) Public education on conservation.
(vii) Controlled harvesting of forest resources.
(viii) Prevention of bush burning.

(3dii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Source of timber for construction and furniture.
(ii) Source of medicinal plants.
(iii) Helps regulate climate and rainfall.
(iv) Prevents soil erosion.
(v) Provides employment opportunities.
(vi) Conserves biodiversity.
(vii) Serves as a source of food and raw materials.
(viii) Acts as a recreational and tourist centre.

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(4a)
Social insects

(4b)


(4c)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Termites
(ii) Ants
(iii) Honey bees

(4di)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Division of labour among members.
(ii) Efficient food collection and storage.
(iii) Better protection/defence against enemies.
(iv) Care and protection of the young.
(v) Increased survival of the colony.
(vi) Efficient reproduction and continuity of the colony.

(4dii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Through the use of chemical substances called pheromones.
(ii) They communicate by touching one another with their antennae.
(iii) They communicate through sound or vibrations.
(iv) They communicate through dance movements (e.g., honey bees).

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(5a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Energy flow in an ecosystem is non-cyclic because energy is lost as heat at each trophic level and cannot be recycled back to the producers. Therefore, energy flows in one direction only.

OR

Energy flow in an ecosystem is non-cyclic because energy enters the ecosystem from the sun and is gradually lost to the environment as heat during metabolic activities, making it unavailable for reuse.

(5b)


(5c)
(PICK ANY THREE)


(5di)
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can only be transformed from one form to another.

(5dii)
Energy transfer from one trophic level to another is not 100% efficient because some energy is lost as heat during each transfer.

(5e)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Hooks and suckers for attachment.
(ii) Thin body covering for absorption of digested
(iii) Absence of digestive system.
(iv) Long, flattened body with large surface area for absorption.
(v) Produces numerous eggs.

(5fi)
A: Aquatic habitat
B: Terrestrial habitat

(5fii)
A:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Water current
(ii) Salinity
(iii) Dissolved oxygen
(iv) Water temperature
(v) Water depth

B:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Wind
(ii) Soil type
(iii) Temperature
(iv) Rainfall
(v) Humidity

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