2026 NECO GCE AGRIC ANSWER

AGRIC OBJ
01-10: EAEEBBABAC
11-20: DCBBCEBABA
21-30: ECBBAABDAB
31-40: DBAAAAECCC
41-50: EAADACBBDC
51-60: AEBDDDDAEE


(1) E: 50 %
(2) E: the price at which old pigs are sold out is high
(3) E: attachment of a scion to the stock of another crop of the same species
(4) E: aids the movement of sperms
(5) B: ₦3,300,000
(6) B: makes space for farming
(7) A: Panicum maximum
(8) B: gelatin
(9) A: proper fumigation
(10) C: Pepper, ginger and garlic
(11) E: 20-21 %
(12) C: Debeaking
(13) B: 30
(14) B: prismatic compass
(15) C: Sow
(16) E: Cleaning of stalls
(17) B: ginger
(18) C: II
(19) B: are tough and hardy
(20) A: Debeaking
(21) E: keeps fruits away from the vine
(22) C: tomato
(23) B: provides required nutrient to crop
(24) C: months
(25) A: insurance firm
(26) A: radio
(27) B: fowl pox
(28) D: molasses
(29) A: soil texture
(30) B: Small farm holdings
(31) D: Contour ploughing
(32) B: polypeptides
(33) A: nitrogen
(34) A: water infiltration
(35) A: Neem
(36) A: can cause fire hazards
(37) E: conserves soil water content
(38) C: slashers
(39) C: provide air for decomposition
(40) C: rural urban migration
(41) E: ₦110,000
(42) A: Agricultural Development Ministry
(43) A: Granite
(44) E: 70 cm x 70 cm
(45) A: phosphorus and calcium
(46) C: 9
(47) B: prevent introduction of diseases
(48) B: conserve water applied
(49) D: nitrogen
(50) C: Development of agricultural policies
(51) A: 11.34
(52) E: Mesh size regulation
(53) B: regulates oestrus cycle of animals
(54) D: carrying capacity
(55) D: Sterilisation → stripping → milling → pressing → clarification
(56) D: constant coughing and difficulty in breathing
(57) D: Dark brown like lesion on stems
(58) A. crumb
(59) E. aids lodging of stems
(60) E. reduces soil-water retention

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2026 NECO GCE AGRIC THEORY ANSWER


SOLUTIONS 1:

(1ai) Inheritance:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It leads to fragmentation of land into smaller plots among family members.
(ii) It causes disputes and conflicts among family members over land ownership.
(iii) It makes large-scale farming difficult.
(iv) It discourages mechanised farming because of scattered small plots of land.
(v) It may lead to poor land management due to multiple owners.

(1aii) Leasehold:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) The tenant does not have permanent ownership of the land.
(ii) The farmer may lose the land when the lease expires.
(iii) It discourages long-term investment in farm development.
(iv) The farmer may be restricted from making permanent improvements on the land.
(v) Payment of rent increases the cost of farming.

(1bi) Farm settlement scheme:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Inadequate government funding.
(ii) Poor provision of farm equipment and machinery.
(iii) Lack of adequate infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water.
(iv) Poor management and administration of the scheme.
(v) Shortage of trained agricultural extension workers.

(1bii) Green revolution:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Inadequate funding of the programme.
(ii) High cost of improved seeds, fertilizers and chemicals.
(iii) Poor transportation and storage facilities.
(iv) Inadequate agricultural extension services.
(v) Corruption and poor implementation of government policies.

(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Secateurs.
(ii) Pruning saw.
(iii) Watering can.
(iv) Knapsack sprayer.
(v) Cutlass.
(vi) Hoe.
(vii) Wheelbarrow.

(1d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) A disc plough is used for primary tillage, while a disc harrow is used for secondary tillage.

(ii) A disc plough cuts and turns the soil, while a disc harrow breaks soil clods and levels the soil.

(iii) A disc plough works deeper into the soil, while a disc harrow works at a shallower depth.

(iv) A disc plough has larger and heavier discs, while a disc harrow has smaller and lighter discs.

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SOLUTIONS 2:

(2a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Aloe vera.
(ii) Cinchona bark.
(iii) Neem leaves.
(iv) Opium poppy.
(v) Garlic.
(vi) Ginger.

(2bi)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Government should construct and maintain rural roads.
(ii) Adequate funds should be provided for road construction.
(iii) Rural communities should participate in road maintenance.
(iv) Government should establish rural road development programmes.

(2bii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Government should employ more agricultural extension workers.
(ii) Extension workers should be provided with adequate training.
(iii) Adequate funds should be provided for extension activities.
(iv) Modern communication facilities should be used to educate farmers.

(2c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Ploughing.
(ii) Harrowing.
(iii) Ridging.
(iv) Levelling.
(v) Subsoiling.

(2di)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Knapsack sprayer.
(ii) Motorised sprayer.
(iii) Tractor-mounted sprayer.

(2dii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Combine harvester.
(ii) Forage harvester.
(iii) Mechanical reaper.

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SOLUTIONS 3:

(3ai)
(i) Hygroscopic water is water held tightly around soil particles, while capillary water is water held in small soil spaces by capillary forces.
(ii) Hygroscopic water is unavailable to plants, while capillary water is available to plants.
(iii) Hygroscopic water cannot move freely in the soil, while capillary water can move through soil pores.

(3aii)
(i) Drip irrigation supplies water directly to the roots of plants, while sprinkler irrigation distributes water over crops like rainfall.
(ii) Drip irrigation uses pipes with small holes or emitters, while sprinkler irrigation uses nozzles to spray water.
(iii) Drip irrigation reduces water loss through evaporation, while sprinkler irrigation may lose more water through evaporation.
(iv) Drip irrigation is suitable for watering individual plants, while sprinkler irrigation is suitable for covering large areas of farmland.

(3b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It determines the rate of water infiltration into the soil.
(ii) It influences the amount of air available to plant roots.
(iii) It affects root penetration and development.
(iv) It determines the water-holding capacity of the soil.
(v) It influences soil drainage.
(vi) It affects the availability of nutrients to crops.
(vii) It determines the ease of cultivation and farm operations.

(3ci) Bush burning:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It destroys useful soil microorganisms.
(ii) It reduces soil fertility by destroying organic matter.
(iii) It exposes the soil to erosion.
(iv) It destroys useful plants and animals.
(v) It causes air pollution.

(3cii) Continuous cropping:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It leads to depletion of soil nutrients.
(ii) It encourages the build-up of pests and diseases.
(iii) It reduces soil fertility.
(iv) It causes poor crop growth and low yield.
(v) It may lead to soil degradation.

(3d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Single superphosphate (SSP).
(ii) Triple superphosphate (TSP).
(iii) Rock phosphate.
(iv) Basic slag.
(v) Bone meal.
(vi) Monoammonium phosphate (MAP).
(vii) Diammonium phosphate (DAP).

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SOLUTIONS 4:

(4a)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Denitrification is the process by which soil bacteria convert nitrates into free nitrogen gas, which is released into the atmosphere.

(ii) Putrefaction is the process by which microorganisms decompose dead plants, animals and organic matter, releasing nitrogenous compounds into the soil.

OR

(i) Denitrification: It is the process whereby bacteria in the soil break down nitrates and release nitrogen gas into the atmosphere.

(ii) Putrefaction: It is the decomposition of dead plants and animals by bacteria, resulting in the release of ammonia and other nitrogen compounds into the soil.

(4bi) Horizon A:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It is the topsoil layer of the soil profile.
(ii) It contains humus and organic matter.
(iii) It is usually dark in colour.
(iv) It contains many plant roots and soil organisms.
(v) It is relatively fertile and suitable for crop production.

(4bii) Horizon B:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It is known as the subsoil layer.
(ii) It contains accumulated clay and minerals washed down from the topsoil.
(iii) It has less organic matter than Horizon A.
(iv) It is usually lighter or reddish-brown in colour.
(v) It contains fewer plant roots than the topsoil.

(4c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It has low water-holding capacity.
(ii) It has poor nutrient-holding capacity.
(iii) It is easily leached by rainfall.
(iv) It has low organic matter content.
(v) It is easily eroded by wind and water.
(vi) It dries out quickly during dry weather.
(vii) It requires frequent application of fertilizers and irrigation.

(4d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) The size and topography of the farmland.
(ii) The type of soil on the farmland.
(iii) The amount and intensity of rainfall in the area.
(iv) The cost of constructing and maintaining the drainage system.
(v) The type of crops to be cultivated.
(vi) The slope and gradient of the farmland.
(vii) The availability of drainage outlets for disposing of excess water.

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SOLUTIONS 5:

(5a)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Stylo has broad trifoliate leaves, while elephant grass has long, narrow leaves.
(ii) Stylo is a leguminous plant, while elephant grass belongs to the grass family.
(iii) Stylo has soft and slender stems, while elephant grass has thick and tall stems.
(iv) Stylo produces small flowers, while elephant grass produces flower spikes.
(v) Stylo grows relatively low, while elephant grass grows tall and forms thick clumps.

(5bi)
Soil requirement: Loamy soil.

(5bii)
Spacing: 3m × 7m.

(5biii)
Two cultural practices:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Regular weeding of the plantation.
(ii) Application of fertilizers to improve soil fertility.
(iii) Pruning of unwanted branches.
(iv) Mulching around the rubber trees.
(v) Control of pests and diseases.

(5biv)
Three stages of rubber processing:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Collection of latex from rubber trees through tapping.
(ii) Coagulation of latex using an acid.
(iii) Rolling of coagulated latex into sheets.
(iv) Drying of rubber sheets.
(v) Smoking of rubber sheets.
(vi) Grading and packaging of processed rubber.

(5c)


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SOLUTIONS 6:

(6a)


(6bi)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Aphids suck sap from cassava leaves, reducing plant growth.
(ii) They transmit cassava mosaic disease.
(iii) They cause curling and distortion of cassava leaves.
(iv) They reduce cassava tuber yield.
(v) They reduce the market value of cassava produce.

(6bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Beetles bore holes into yam tubers, causing damage.
(ii) They reduce the market value of yam tubers.
(iii) They cause rotting of yam tubers.
(iv) They reduce the storage life of yam.
(v) They cause economic losses to farmers during storage and marketing.

(6biii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Locusts feed on maize leaves and destroy them.
(ii) They reduce the photosynthetic activities of maize plants.
(iii) They cause poor growth and development of maize.
(iv) They reduce maize grain yield.
(v) They cause considerable economic losses to farmers.

(6c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Firewood.
(ii) Charcoal.
(iii) Gum arabic.
(iv) Honey.
(v) Medicinal plants.
(vi) Rattan and cane.

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SOLUTIONS 7:

(7ai)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) Resistance is the ability of an animal to withstand or fight diseases, while susceptibility is the inability of an animal to resist diseases easily.

(ii) Resistant animals are less likely to become infected, while susceptible animals are easily infected.

(iii) Resistant animals have stronger natural defence mechanisms, while susceptible animals have weaker defence mechanisms.

(iv) Resistant animals are less likely to suffer severe effects of infections, while susceptible animals may suffer serious illness when infected.

(7aii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It causes loss of weight in farm animals.
(ii) It reduces the production of meat, milk and eggs.
(iii) It may cause death of affected animals.
(iv) It reduces the growth rate of farm animals.
(v) It causes infertility and reproductive problems.
(vi) It reduces the quality and market value of animal products.
(vii) It increases the cost of treating and managing farm animals.

(7bi) Amylase
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It breaks down starch into maltose.
(ii) It helps in the digestion of carbohydrates.
(iii) It breaks down complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars.
(iv) It helps make energy available from carbohydrate-rich food.

(7bii) Lipase
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
(ii) It helps in the digestion of dietary fats.
(iii) It aids the absorption of fatty acids.
(iv) It helps the animal utilise fats as a source of energy.

(7biii) Pepsin
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) It breaks down proteins into smaller peptides.
(ii) It helps in the digestion of proteins in the stomach.
(iii) It converts large protein molecules into simpler substances.
(iv) It prepares proteins for further digestion in the small intestine.

(7c)



(7d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Wash hands thoroughly before milking.
(ii) Wash and clean the goat's udder before milking.
(iii) Ensure that the milking container is clean and sterilised.
(iv) Keep the goat calm to prevent injuries during milking.
(v) Avoid pulling or injuring the goat's teats

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SOLUTIONS 8:

(8a)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Fish meal.
(ii) Fish oil.
(iii) Fish glue.
(iv) Fish manure.
(v) Fish leather.
(vi) Fish silage.
(vii) Fish scales.

(8b)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) They suck blood from sheep, causing anaemia.
(ii) They cause irritation and discomfort to the animals.
(iii) They transmit diseases from infected animals to healthy ones.
(iv) They cause wounds and skin infections.
(v) They damage the skin and reduce the quality of hides.
(vi) They cause loss of weight and poor growth.
(vii) They reduce the productivity of sheep.

(8c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) The diaphragm contracts and moves downwards.
(ii) The external intercostal muscles contract.
(iii) The ribs move upwards and outwards.
(iv) The volume of the chest cavity increases.
(v) The pressure inside the lungs decreases.
(vi) The lungs expand to accommodate incoming air.
(vii) Air enters the lungs through the respiratory tract.

(8d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) The female animal must be healthy and free from reproductive diseases.
(ii) The female animal must be in heat.
(iii) Semen must be obtained from a healthy and genetically superior male animal.
(iv) Artificial insemination must be carried out at the correct time during heat.
(v) The semen must be properly collected, stored and preserved.
(vi) All instruments used must be clean and sterilised.
(vii) The insemination must be performed by a trained and experienced technician.

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SOLUTIONS 9:

(9a)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It shows the financial performance of a farm business over a specific period, usually one year.
(ii) It records all the income earned from the sale of farm products, such as crops, livestock and other farm produce.
(iii) It records all expenses incurred in running the farm, such as labour, seeds, fertilizers, transportation and animal feeds.
(iv) It helps to determine whether the farm business is making a profit or suffering a loss.
(v) It shows the difference between total farm income and total farm expenses.

(9bi) Merits of Cooperative Society:
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It provides farmers with loans and credit facilities.
(ii) It helps farmers to obtain farm inputs such as fertilizers, seeds and chemicals at cheaper rates.
(iii) It encourages collective marketing of agricultural produce.
(iv) It helps farmers to get better prices for their produce.
(v) It reduces the exploitation of farmers by middlemen.
(vi) It provides storage facilities for agricultural produce.
(vii) It encourages unity and cooperation among farmers.

(9bii) Merits of Commodity Board:
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) It helps to stabilise the prices of agricultural products.
(ii) It ensures that farmers receive fair prices for their produce.
(iii) It helps to maintain the quality and standard of agricultural products.
(iv) It promotes the exportation of agricultural produce.
(v) It protects farmers from exploitation by middlemen.
(vi) It provides market information to farmers.
(vii) It generates revenue for the government through the export of agricultural products.

(9c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Lack of adequate funds by farmers.
(ii) High cost of modern agricultural technologies.
(iii) Lack of education and technical knowledge among farmers.
(iv) Inadequate extension agents to educate farmers.
(v) Poor communication between farmers and extension workers.
(vi) Fear of failure or risk associated with new technologies.
(vii) Resistance to change due to traditional farming methods.

(9d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Both are used to disseminate agricultural information to farmers.
(ii) Both help to educate farmers on improved farming practices.
(iii) Both can reach many farmers at the same time.
(iv) Both help to promote the adoption of new agricultural technologies.
(v) Both are used to create awareness of new agricultural innovations.
(vi) Both help to improve farmers' knowledge and skills.
(vii) Both reduce the time and cost of communicating agricultural information.

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SOLUTIONS 10:

(10a)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Radio.
(ii) Television.
(iii) Newspapers.
(iv) Agricultural magazines.
(v) Posters.
(vi) Leaflets and pamphlets.
(vii) Internet and social media.

(10b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Inadequate funding of agricultural extension programmes.
(ii) Insufficient number of trained extension agents.
(iii) Poor transportation facilities for reaching farmers in rural areas.
(iv) Inadequate communication facilities and equipment.
(v) Low educational level and resistance to change among some farmers.
(vi) Poor government support and irregular payment of extension workers.
(vii) Inadequate training and retraining of extension agents.
(viii) Poor road networks in rural communities.
(ix) Language and cultural barriers between extension agents and farmers.
(x) Lack of modern agricultural technologies and demonstration facilities.

(10c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Production risk.
(ii) Market risk.
(iii) Financial risk.
(iv) Institutional risk.
(v) Human or personal risk.
(vi) Technological risk.
(vii) Environmental risk.
(viii) Price risk.

(10d)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Inadequate capital or funds.
(ii) Shortage of skilled and experienced farm workers.
(iii) Lack of modern farm equipment and machinery.
(iv) Poor road networks and transportation facilities.
(v) Unfavourable weather conditions.
(vi) Pest and disease attacks.
(vii) High cost of farm inputs.
(viii) Poor government policies and support.

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2026 NECO GCE AGRIC PRACTICAL ANSWER


(1a)
Fig. 1.1; (crawler tractor/bulldozer): fuel energy (diesel).

Fig. 1.2; (wheelbarrow): human labour

(1b)
Fig. 1.3: Theodolite

(1c)
Fig. 1.1:
(i) land clearing and stump removal.
(ii) levelling land and constructing roads, dams or ridges.

Fig. 1.2:
(i) transporting farm produce, manure or fertilizer.
(ii) carrying soil, sand or feed over short distances

(1d)
Fig. 1.3:
(i) telescope.
(ii) tripod stand.

(1e)
Fig. 1.1;
(i) It compacts the soil and destroys its structure.
(ii) It is expensive to buy, run and maintain. It also removes topsoil and exposes the land to erosion.

(1f)
Fig. 1.3:
(i) Clean it after use and store it in its case in a dry place.
(ii) Avoid knocks and drops, and lubricate the moving parts periodically.

(1g)
Nuts and bolts

(1h)
Wheel axle (bearing)

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(2a)
Fig. 1.4: The nitrogen cycle

(2b)
(i) I: death and decay of plants and animals (decomposition)
(ii) II: ammonification (organic residue to ammonium salts)
(iii) III: nitrification (ammonium to nitrite, by Nitrosomonas)
(iv) IV: nitrification (nitrite to nitrate, by Nitrobacter)
(v) V: denitrification (nitrate back to atmospheric nitrogen)

(2c)
(i) Nitrosomonas.
(ii) Nitrobacter.
(iii) Rhizobium (also Azotobacter)

(2d)
(i) groundnut.
(ii) cowpea.
(iii) soybean

(2e)
(i) Denitrification by bacteria.
(ii) Volatilization of ammonia from urine, manure and fertilizer.
(iii) Burning of vegetation and crop residues.

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(3a)
Crop rotation

(3b)
(i) Include a legume in the rotation.
(ii) Alternate deep-rooted and shallow-rooted crops.
(iii) Alternate heavy feeders with light feeders.

(3c)
(i) It fixes nitrogen and improves soil fertility.
(ii) It adds organic matter and covers the soil against erosion.
(iii) It provides food and income for the farmer.

(3d)
(i) Availability of enough land that can be divided into plots
(ii) Availability of seeds of different crops, and of labour and capital

(3e)
(i) Intercropping or mixed cropping with legumes.
(ii) Bush fallowing

(3f)
Year 1, Plot III: Yam
Year 2, Plot I: Millet
Year 3, Plot IV: Millet
Year 4, Plot II: Cassava

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(4a)
(i) Fig. 1.5 has feathers and a beak. While Fig. 1.6 has a hairy body and chewing/sucking mouthparts.
(ii) Fig. 1.5 has two legs; While Fig. 1.6 has six legs.

(4b)
(i) Wear protective clothing (veil, gloves, overall).
(ii) Use a smoker to calm the bees.
(iii) Harvest in the evening or at night, and leave enough honey for the bees.

(4c)
(i) finisher mash.
(ii) grains such as maize or sorghum.

(4d)
wax moth

(4e)
(i) beeswax.
(ii) honey.
(iii) propolis (also royal jelly)

(4f)
Fig. 1.5:
(i) Vaccinate and deworm regularly.
(ii) Keep the house clean and dry, and quarantine sick or new birds.